Table 1. Demographic characteristics versus mean/median blood Pb levels in Pakistani adults.
| Characteristics* | Blood Pb (n = 872) | p value** |
| Age | 0.202 | |
| ≤20 years | 12.2 ( 4.6)/11.6 (8.4–15.0) | |
| >20 years | 11.5 (5.6)/10.7 (8.3–13.5) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |
| Males | 12.6 (5.9)/11.3 (8.9–14.0) | |
| Females | 11.0 (5.0)/10.5 (7.8–13.0) | |
| Occupation | <0.001 | |
| Housewives/Unemployed individuals (males & females) | 10.9 (5.0)/10.5 (7.8–13.0) | |
| Closed environment | 11.3 (4.1)/10.7 (8.5–13.0) | |
| Students | 12.3 (4.0)/11.6 (8.9–14.2) | |
| Open environment | 13.0 (6.8)/11.4 (9.0–14.8) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.09 | |
| Hindko/Hazara/Muree | 12.0 (6.0)/11.0 (8.6–14.0) | |
| Pathan/Sawati | 11.1 (4.7)/10.4 (8.0–13.3) | |
| Others | 11.4 (4.3)/10.5 (8.4–10.5) | |
| Education | 0.04 | |
| No education | 11.4 (4.8)/10.9 (8.3–13.5) | |
| Middle (8th grade) | 11.8 (5.3)/10.8 (8.2–14.0) | |
| 10th grade | 12.4 (7.2)/11.1 (8.3–13.8) | |
| ≥12th grade | 10.8 (3.8)/10.2 (8.1–12.9) |
*Values are expressed as mean (SD)/median (IQR).
**p value obtained using Independent sample t test for age and gender or from analysis of variance (ANOVA) for occupation, ethnicity, and education.