Fig. 2.

Genetic markers: DNA single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites. a Example of SNP. Left Fragments of DNA with the same sequence containing a difference only in a single nucleotide. The two alleles (G and T) give rise to three possible genotypes: TT homozygous, T/G heterozygous and GG homozygous. On the right-hand side: example of SNP hypothetical segregation in a pedigree. b Example of DNA microsatellite. Left Fragments of DNA with the same sequence containing a (CA) microsatellite. The polymorphism consists of different numbers of the dinucleotide (CA) present in each of the four possible alleles represented (N = 10 to N = 13). Right Example of DNA microsatellite polymorphism hypothetical segregation in a pedigree