Table 2.
Differences in rumination between diagnostic groups: means (standard deviations)
| Study 1 | ||||||
| No PTSD (n = 77) | PTSD (n = 22) | Statistic | No depression (n = 88) | Major depression (n = 11) | Statistic | |
| RIQ | 5.22 (3.43) | 11.24 (4.56) | t(97) = −6.11, p < .001 | 5.70 (3.71) | 12.91 (4.66) | t(97) = −5.16, P < .001 |
| RSQ | 19.76 (6.61) | 27.87 (6.90) | t(97) = −5.03, p < .001 | 20.56 (6.90) | 29.62 (7.08) | t(97) = −4.10, P < .001 |
| Concretenessa | 3.07 (.61) | 3.11 (.83) | t(87) = −.28, p = .78 | 3.07 (.65) | 3.18 (.79) | t(87) = −.45, P = .65 |
| Study 2: assessment at 2 weeks | ||||||
| No ASD (n = 117) | ASD (n = 20) | Statistic | No depression (n = 126) | Major depression (n = 10) | Statistic | |
| RIQ at 2 weeks | 4.69 (3.47) | 11.42 (6.43) | t(135) = −5.69, p < .001 | 4.92 (3.66) | 15.11 (6.33) | t(134) = −5.98, P < .001 |
| RSQ at 2 weeks | 18.83 (5.38) | 25.59 (7.06) | t(135) = −4.75, p < .001 | 19.14 (5.52) | 29.29 (5.01) | t(134) = −5.33, P < .001 |
| Concretenessb | 2.95 (.58) | 2.85 (.13) | t(116) = .87, p = .39 | 2.97 (.59) | 2.64 (.33) | t (20.29) = 3.01, P < .01 |
| Study 2: assessment at 6 months | ||||||
| No PTSD (n = 116) | PTSD (n = 15) | Statistic | No depression (n = 122) | Major depression (n = 10) | Statistic | |
| RIQ at 2 weeks | 5.09 (4.30) | 10.36 (5.23) | t(129) = −3.99, p < .001 | 5.26 (4.36) | 10.80 (5.53) | t(130) = −3.49, P < .01 |
| RIQ at 1 monthc | 3.98 (3.65) | 10.50 (5.87) | t(119) = −4.72, p < .001 | 4.02 (3.69) | 11.40 (5.54) | t(119) = −4.95, P < .001 |
| RSQ at 2 weeks | 18.90 (5.50) | 26.13 (7.14) | t(129) = −4.42, p < .001 | 19.16 (5.63) | 26.80 (7.63) | t(130) = −3.79, P < .001 |
| RSQ at 1 monthd | 17.50 (5.61) | 27.08 (7.65) | t(120) = −5.59, p < .001 | 17.73 (5.86) | 27.40 (7.38) | t(120) = −4.89, P < .001 |
| Concretenesse | 2.94 (.57) | 2.87 (.38) | t(110) = .48, p = .63 | 2.94 (.56) | 2.78 (.43) | t(111) = .82, P = .41 |
RIQ trauma-related rumination, as assessed with the Responses to Intrusions Questionnaire, RSQ depressive rumination, as assessed with the Response Styles Questionnaire
aSample sizes: no PTSD: n = 69; PTSD: n = 20; no depression: n = 80; depression: n = 9
bSample sizes: no PTSD: n = 100; PTSD: n = 18; no depression: n = 106; depression: n = 12
cSample sizes: no PTSD: n = 109; PTSD: n = 12; no depression: n = 111; depression: n = 10
dSample sizes: no PTSD: n = 109; PTSD: n = 13; no depression: n = 112; depression: n = 10
eSample sizes: no PTSD: n = 98; PTSD: n = 14; no depression: n = 104; depression: n = 9