Table 1. Arabidopsis mutants used in this study.
| Mutant name | Locus | Short description | Assigned signaling sectora | Reference |
| noa1-1 | At3g47450 | NOA1 (NO Associated 1); GTPase/nitric-oxide synthase | NO | [71] |
| AtrbohD | At5g47910 | RBOHD (Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue D); NAD(P)H oxidase | ROS, EMT | [72] |
| AtrbohF | At1g64060 | RBOHF (Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue F); NAD(P)H oxidase | ROS | [72] |
| coi1-1 | At2g39940 | COI1 (COronatine Insensitive 1); ubiquitin-protein ligase | JA | [73] |
| dde2-2 | At5g42650 | DDE2 (Delayed DEhiscence 2)/AOS (Allene Oxide Synthase); allene oxide synthase | JA | [74] |
| ein2-1 | At5g03280 | EIN2 (Ethylene INsensitive 2); transporter | ET, EMT | [26] |
| ein3-1 | At3g20770 | EIN3 (Ethylene INsensitive 3); transcription factor | ET, EMT | [27] |
| jar1-1 | At2g46370 | JAR1 (JAsmonate Resistant 1); jasmonate-amino synthetase; a member of the GH3 family | JA | [23] |
| jin1-1 | At1g32640 | JIN1 (Jasmonate INsensitive 1); MYC2; transcription factor | JA | [25] |
| mpk3 | At3g45640 | ATMPK3 (Arabidopsis Thaliana Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3); MAP kinase | MPK3/6, EMT | [75] |
| mpk6-2 | At2g43790 | ATMPK6 (Arabidopsis Thaliana Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 6); MAP kinase | MPK3/6, EMT | [76] |
| nho1-2 | At1g80460 | NHO1 (Nonhost resistance to P. s. phaseolicola 1); glycerol kinase | Misc. | [77] |
| nia2 | At1g37130 | NIA2 (NItrate reductase Apoprotein2); nitrate reductase | NO | [78] |
| ndr1-1 | At3g20600 | NDR1 (Non race-specific Disease Resistance 1); a plasmamembrane protein | R gene | [79] |
| npr1-1 | At1g64280 | NPR1 (Nonexpresser of PR genes 1); transcription cofactor | SA | [19] |
| pad4-1 | At3g52430 | PAD4 (PhytoAlexin Deficient 4); lipase-like | SA | [21] |
| pbs2-1 | At5g51700 | PBS2 (PphB Susceptible 2); a protein with two zinc binding (CHORD) domains | R gene | [80], [81] |
| pen2-1 | At2g44490 | PEN2 (PENetration 2); hydrolase, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds/thioglucosidase | Misc. | [82] |
| pmr4-1 | At4g03550 | PMR4 (Powdery Mildew Resistant 4); GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE 5; 1,3-beta-glucan synthase | Callose, EMT | [52] |
| rps2-101C | At4g26090 | RPS2 (Resistance to P. Syringae 2); a NB-ARC protein | R gene | [83], [84] |
| sag101-2 | At5g14930 | SAG101 (Senescence-Associated Gene 101); lipase-like | Misc. | [85] |
| sid2-2 | At1g74710 | SID2 (SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2); isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) | SA | [17] |
a
They indicate signaling sectors mediating signals of Callose, callose deposition; ET, ethylene; JA, jasmonic acid; MPK3/6, MAP kinases 3/6; Misc., miscellaneous function; NO, nitric oxide; R gene, resistance gene; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SA, salicylic acid; EMT, early MAMP-triggered.