Table 5. Continence state and complications after the implantation of an artificial sphincter system.

Author	n	Study type	Outcome
Perez et al. (19)	75	Case series	56 / 75 (75%) max. 1 incontinence pad
Fleshner et al. (18)	30	Case series	26 / 30 (87%) max. 1 incontinence pad
Trigo-Rocha et al. (20)	40	Prospective trial	36 / 40 (90%) max. 1 incontinence pad, 8 / 40 (20%) revisions at 53 months
Montague et al. (21)	166	Case series	Up to 10% infection of the system by 41 months
Elliott et al. (24)	400	Case series	1–3% urethral erosion at 68.8 months
Litwiller et al. (23)	65	Case series	3–9% urethral atrophy at 23.4 months
Leo et al. (25)	144	Case series	12 / 144 (8%) system defects by 28 months