Table 4.

Summary and Comparison of Theories, Models, and Frameworks

SWD	Model	Brief Synopsis	Physiological Components	Psychological Components	Behavioral Components
Primary	Biobehavioral Model of Altered Dysregulation in Circadian Systems	SWD manifested as circadian dysregulation	X	X
Primary	Spielman’s Three-Factor Model	Predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors interact in insomnia	X	X	X
Primary	Adapted Two-Process Model of Sleep Regulation (adapted)	Process S and process C drive sleep and wakefulness	X	X	X
Secondary	Model of Quality of Life	Sleep as part of physical well-being, 1 of 4 quality of life domains	X	X
Secondary	Model of Symptom Management	Symptom experience, symptom management and symptom outcomes are related	X	X	X
Secondary	Neuroendocrine-Based Regulatory Fatigue Model	Describes mechanisms of wake disturbances (fatigue)	X	X
Secondary	Orem’s Self-care Deficit Theory of Nursing	SWD potentially impact self-care abilities	X	X	X
Secondary	Piper’s Integrated Fatigue Model	Sleep as one of several factors influencing fatigue	X	X	X
Secondary	Psychobiological model of hot flashes	Sleep disturbances as outcome of menopausal hot flashes	X
Secondary	Roy Adaptation Model	Sleep as physiological mode of adaptation	X	X
Secondary	Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms—adapted	Physiological, psychological, and situational factors influence sleep and other symptoms that negatively affect performance status	X	X	X

Abbreviation: SWD, sleep wake disturbances.