Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of a randomized sample (n = 165)
| Intervention | Usual care | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 85 | 80 | |
| Race (%) | 0.72 | ||
| African American/other | 75.3 | 72.5 | |
| Non-Hispanic white | 24.7 | 27.5 | |
| Female (%) | 72.9 | 76.3 | 0.72 |
| Age (years) | 59.9 ± 9.4 | 59.2 ± 9.3 | 0.65 |
| Diabetes medication use (%) | 0.13 | ||
| No diabetes medication | 0 | 5.1 | |
| Oral medication only | 51.3 | 43.0 | |
| Insulin only | 16.3 | 22.8 | |
| Oral medication and insulin | 32.5 | 29.1 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 8.5 ± 6.6 | 10.3 ± 8.1 | 0.13 |
| Education (%) | 0.17 | ||
| Less than high school | 37.0 | 46.2 | |
| High school graduate/GED | 37.0 | 41.0 | |
| Some college or more | 17.3 | 10.3 | |
| Other | 8.6 | 2.6 | |
| Income (%) | 0.42 | ||
| <$5,000 | 12.7 | 16.0 | |
| $5,000–$14,999 | 51.9 | 53.3 | |
| $15,000–$29,000 | 16.5 | 21.3 | |
| $30,000–$59,000 | 10.1 | 6.7 | |
| ≥$60,000 | 8.9 | 2.7 | |
| Insurance (%) | 0.19 | ||
| Medicare and private | 8.6 | 7.6 | |
| Medicare/Medicaid | 43.2 | 39.2 | |
| No health insurance | 19.8 | 34.2 | |
| Private health insurance/HMO | 28.4 | 19.0 | |
| GHb (mg/dl) | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 8.9 ± 1.8 | 0.19 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 108.6 ± 36.2 | 107.1 ± 33.2 | 0.78 |
| Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 91.1 ± 210.2 | 96.9 ± 236.0 | 0.87 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 135.3 ± 21.2 | 138.5 ± 19.9 | 0.33 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76.2 ± 12.0 | 74.8 ± 10.4 | 0.42 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 115.1 ± 15.7 | 112.5 ± 18.4 | 0.35 |
| Weight (kg) | 101.3 ± 21.7 | 96.6 ± 22.3 | 0.17 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.1 ± 8.1 | 35.9 ± 7.6 | 0.33 |
| BMI category (%) | 0.53 | ||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 3.6 | 1.3 | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 16.7 | 23.7 | |
| Class I obesity (30–34.9) | 23.8 | 29.0 | |
| Class II obesity (35.0–39.9) | 17.9 | 17.1 | |
| Class III obesity (≥40) | 38.1 | 29.0 | |
| Used study provided transportation (%) | 38.8 | 36.7 | 0.87 |
| Self-reported GHb having been checked in last 6 months (%) | 82.5 | 81.0 | 0.96 |
| Self-reported checking of blood glucose more than once a week (%) | 80.8 | 79.2 | 0.84 |
| Self-reported having received eye exam in the last year (baseline) (%) | 51.2 | 46.3 | 0.29 |