Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of the study population
| Usual care* | Intervention* | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 23 | 24 | |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 7.2 | 57 ± 10 | 0.081 |
| Male/female | 15/8 | 14/10 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 18.8 ± 6.4 | 18.8 ± 9.2 | 0.983 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.1 ± 6.0 | 33.7 ± 6.4 | 0.732 |
| A1C (%) | 8.5 ± 1.2 | 8.8 ± 1.3 | 0.425 |
| Blood pressure (mmHg) | 132.6 ± 14.4/71.3 ± 9.2 | 129.5 ± 20.1/74.2 ± 15.5 | 0.545/0.439 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.3 ± 1.3 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 0.789 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 0.171 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.2 ± 1.0 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 0.947 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 2.2 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 0.058 |
| Total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio | 4.4 ± 1.3 | 3.7 ± 1.0 | 0.065 |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 98.2 ± 30.1 | 85.4 ± 39.0 | 0.225 |
| Daily insulin dosage (IU) | 57.9 ± 45.0 | 60.4 ± 36.0 | 0.829 |
Data are means ± SD.
*Two patients in the usual-care group and one patient in the intervention group did not follow protocol and were excluded.