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. 2010 Aug;33(8):1865–1871. doi: 10.2337/dc10-0641

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© 2010 by the American Diabetes Association.

Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ for details.

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Plasma biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction predict both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and CVD. A: Shows the 7-year cumulative incidence of type 2 diabetes by quartile (Q1-Q4) of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) or von Willebrand factor (vWF). The type 2 diabetes–risk factor adjusted relative risk (RR) for type 2 diabetes per interquartile (IQR) increase in vWF was 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.8, P = 0.009) (adapted from Meigs et al. [21]). B: Shows survival free of CVD events in FHS as a function of the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes and by low (Q1-Q3) or high (Q4) levels of vWF. Risk of CVD is increased in individuals with elevated levels of vWF, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes and elevated vWF (P < 0.0001) (adapted from Frankel et al. [22]). DM, diabetes mellitus.