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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2010 May 8;344(1):233–247. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.05.004

Figure 2. Early Smad7 induction within the neural crest lineage suppresses normal craniofacial and pharyngeal arch development.

Figure 2

(A–C) E10.0 control and trigenic (right embryo in A) whole embryos fed doxycycline at E7.5 appear grossly similar except smaller facial processes, but higher magnification reveals that the mandibular component of the E10.0 trigenic mutant 1st pharyngeal arch is undersized and the oropharyngeal region below the nasal process is enlarged (indicated by * in C) when compared to age-matched control (B). (D–F) E11.5 control and trigenic (right embryo in D) whole embryos. Note trigenic 1st and 2nd arches are dramatically underdeveloped and the facial processes are hypoplastic (F) when compared to controls (E), but the size of the trigenic heart appears is unaffected. (G–I) E13.5 control and trigenic (right embryo) whole embryos fed doxycycline at E7.5. Note in isolated heads (severed immediately below lower jaw), both the upper and lower jaws of the trigenic mutant are severely hypoplastic and largely absent (I) when compared to control littermates (H). Abbreviations: 1, first pharyngeal arch; 2, second pharyngeal arch; a, atrium; v, ventricle; lv, left ventricle; e, eye. Bar in A=0.1mm; B,C=0.05mm.