Fig. 1.
Effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on expression of CD69 and CD25 by lymphocytes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured with live L. casei Shirota at 105, 106 or 107 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml in the presence or absence of concanavalin A (ConA) (2·5 µg/ml). Non-stimulated cultures were shown as negative control. Each bar represents the mean of 6 to 19 blood donors and the error bars represent standard deviation [49]. *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001 compared with non-stimulated cultures.