Overall main effect across conditions showing generally increased activity throughout hippocampal subregions during encoding and retrieval. Panel A shows the four ROIs activity profiles during encoding of subsequently repeated and lure items. Of critical interest are the higher activity in MCI patients in multiple hippocampal subregions and the lower activity in the entorhinal cortex. Panel B shows the same ROIs activity profiles during retrieval of repeated and lure items. Here aMCI patients show significantly higher activity in the left CA3/DG during lure correct rejections and higher activity in the left entorhinal cortex during lure false alarms. In general, both these panels illustrate that there is a tendency towards higher activity in aMCI patients across conditions and ROIs, although most are not significant. All bars are mean ± s.e.m. Condition abbreviations: sLS = lures subsequently called “similar”, sLO = lures subsequently called “old”, sTH = target subsequent hits, sTM = target subsequent misses, LS = lures called “similar”, LO = lures called “old”, TH = target hits, TM = target misses.