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. 2010 Jul 28;16(28):3529–3540. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i28.3529

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Measuring initial cytokine levels and determining immune phenotype distributions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from blood donors. A: Initial concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-12 p70 in the supernatants of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results are presented as the mean ± SD. Statistically significant differences compared with the controls (aP < 0.05); B: To determine the effect of Bio-Three on PBMCs, phenotypic analysis of the immune response was studied. The solid histogram shows the control results, and the unshaded area shows the level of expression of co-stimulatory molecules after Bio-Three consumption. The data shown are representative of three experiments performed. Probiotics might enhance expression of CD4, CD45RB, CD44, CD69, CD25, CD11b and HLA-DR, which indicates alternation of co-stimulatory markers of T helper cells and dendritic cells.