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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: APMIS. 2010 Jun;118(6-7):455–470. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02617.x

Figure 1. A model of RRP Inhibitory Cycle.

Figure 1

This model shows the inhibitory cycle of cells and mediators that are generated by HPV proteins in patients with RRP that are described in this review. Polarized macrophages (AAMΦ)/immature dendritic cells (iDCs), memory TH2-like T-cells and Tregs, generated from naïve T-cells that express TH2-like/T-regulatory cytokines and chemokines in response to HPV protein drive this cycle. Memory TH2-like T-cells express IL-4 and IL-10, and T-regulatory cells express IL-10 and TGFβ in response to HPV proteins are essential in the polarization of resting Mϕs to become AAMϕs that express CCL17, CCL18, and IL-10 which recruit and polarize naïve CD4+ T-cells to become Tregs and memory TH2-like T-cells. This establishes and perpetuates an inhibitory cycle by immunocytes that suppress effective anti-HPV TH1-like function