A) Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibition and B) mean plasma concentration–time profiles for active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) after 28 days of morning (A, n = 38; B, n = 37) or evening (A, n = 38; B, n = 37) administration of vildagliptin 100 mg and during the placebo run-in (n = 44). Data are mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.005 for vildagliptin 100 mg vs. placebo. (A) Morning dose (); Evening dose (); (B) Run-in (); Morning dose (); Evening dose ()