Fig. 2.

E2 triggers an estrus-modifiable activation of p38 MAP kinase in rat urothelial cells. Urothelial cells isolated from rats in diestrus, proestrus, and estrus phases were treated with 10 nM of β-estradiol (or vehicle, saline) for 60 min. Levels of phospho-p38 in cellular whole cell lysates were determined after Western blotting. *P < 0.05; Mann–Whitney rank sum test; n = 2–4.