Table 3.

Association between the Western scale ^a and tobacco use, among all students; Delhi, India (n=3512).

	β	(SE)	p-value b
Ever use
Any kind of tobacco	0.051	0.009	<0.001
Chewing tobacco	0.053	0.010	<0.001
Smoking bidis	0.051	0.013	<0.001
Smoking cigarettes	0.060	0.011	<0.001
Past year use
Any kind of tobacco	0.056	0.012	<0.001
Chewing tobacco	0.050	0.013	<0.001
Smoking bidis	0.085	0.020	<0.001
Smoking cigarettes	0.082	0.015	<0.001
Past month use
Any kind of tobacco	0.065	0.013	<0.001
Chewing tobacco	0.060	0.015	<0.001
Smoking bidis	0.086	0.020	<0.001
Smoking cigarettes	0.087	0.017	<0.001
Intentions to use
Chew in college	0.073	0.010	<0.001
Chew when adult	0.066	0.010	<0.001
Smoke in college	0.091	0.011	<0.001
Smoke when adult	0.078	0.010	<0.001

^aModels adjust for the effect of one dimension (e.g., Indian) of “westernization” on tobacco use, when considering the effect of the other (e.g., Western).

^bp-value represents test of the association using a random intercept mixed effects regression model adjusted for gender, school type, grade level, and age