Table 3.
Results of unadjusted & adjusted regression analyses of maternal IL-8 and brain volumes in cases and controls: Primary analyses
| Control Participants (n=8) Unadjusted Models | Control Participants (n=8) Models Adjusted for Maternal Education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain Region | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value |
| Ventricular Regions | ||||||||
| Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid | 0.002 | -0.006, 0.011 | 0.249 | 0.552 | -0.003 | -0.023, 0.016 | -0.386 | 0.631 |
| Cortical/Limbic Structures | ||||||||
| entorhinal cortex (right) | 0.000005 | -0.0003, 0.0003 | 0.013 | 0.975 | 0.0002 | -0.0004, 0.0008 | 0.731 | 0.393 |
| entorhinal cortex (left) | -0.00004 | -0.0004, 0.0003 | -0.097 | 0.820 | 0.0002 | -0.0007, 0.001 | 0.481 | 0.562 |
| hippocampus (right) | 0.0002 | -0.00003, 0.0004 | 0.649 | 0.082† | 0.0004 | -0.00003, 0.0008 | 1.281 | 0.061† |
| hippocampus (left) | -0.00001 | -0.0002, 0.0001 | -0.077 | 0.856 | -0.00002 | -0.0004, 0.0004 | -0.166 | 0.858 |
| superior temporal gyrus (right) | 0.000002 | -0.001, 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.996 | 0.0005 | -0.002, 0.002 | 0.544 | 0.518 |
| superior temporal gyrus (left) | -0.0001 | -0.001, 0.001 | -0.104 | 0.806 | 0.0004 | -0.002, 0.003 | 0.377 | 0.661 |
| Subcortical Structures | ||||||||
| caudate (right) | 0.0001 | -0.0005, 0.0007 | 0.184 | 0.662 | 0.0002 | -0.0001, 0.0006 | 0.978 | 0.142 |
| caudate (left) | 0.0002 | -0.0002, 0.0005 | 0.449 | 0.264 | 0.0002 | -0.0005, 0.0008 | 0.471 | 0.508 |
| putamen (right) | 0.0001 | -0.0004, 0.0006 | 0.238 | 0.571 | 0.0002 | -0.0009, 0.001 | 0.508 | 0.573 |
| putamen (left) | 0.0002 | -0.0003, 0.0006 | 0.367 | 0.371 | 0.0003 | -0.0007, 0.001 | 0.759 | 0.381 |
| Schizophrenia Cases (n=17) Unadjusted Models | Schizophrenia Cases (n=17) Models Adjusted for Maternal Education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain Region | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value |
| Ventricular Regions | ||||||||
| Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid | 0.002 | -0.00005, 0.004 | 0.473 | 0.055† | 0.002 | 0.00005, 0.004 | 0.487 | 0.045* |
| Cortical/Limbic Structures | ||||||||
| entorhinal cortex (right) | -0.00001 | -0.00007, 0.00004 | -0.138 | 0.597 | -0.00001 | -0.00007,0.00004 | -0.124 | 0.630 |
| entorhinal cortex (left) | -0.00005 | -0.00009, -0.000005 | -0.525 | 0.030* | -0.00005 | -0.00009, -0.000003 | -0.519 | 0.037* |
| hippocampus (right) | 0.00002 | -0.00005, 0.00009 | 0.172 | 0.509 | 0.00002 | -0.00005, 0.0001 | 0.169 | 0.531 |
| hippocampus (left) | -0.00002 | -0.0001, 0.00006 | -0.142 | 0.588 | -0.00003 | -0.0001, 0.00006 | -0.160 | 0.523 |
| superior temporal gyrus (right) | -0.0002 | -0.0004, 0.00007 | -0.353 | 0.165 | -0.0002 | -0.0004, 0.00002 | -0.379 | 0.079† |
| superior temporal gyrus (left) | -0.0001 | -0.0003, 0.0001 | -0.223 | 0.390 | -0.0001 | -0.0003, 0.0001 | -0.242 | 0.320 |
| Subcortical Structures | ||||||||
| caudate (right) | -0.00006 | -0.0001, -0.000002 | -0.497 | 0.042* | -0.00006 | -0.0001, 0.0000002 | -0.495 | 0.051† |
| caudate (left) | -0.00003 | -0.0001, 0.00007 | -0.147 | 0.573 | -0.00003 | -0.0001, 0.00008 | -0.144 | 0.594 |
| putamen (right) | -0.0001 | -0.0002, 0.00003 | -0.393 | 0.118 | -0.0001 | -0.0002, 0.00002 | -0.409 | 0.094† |
| putamen (left) | -0.0001 | -0.0002, 0.000008 | -0.456 | 0.066† | -0.0001 | -0.0002, 0.00001 | -0.467 | 0.061† |
Table 3 includes the results from the primary multiple regression analyses with and without controlling for maternal education at birth. Unstandardized parameter estimates, 95% confidence intervals of the unstandardized estimates, standardized parameter estimates (β), and p-values for regression analyses of the relationship between the log of IL-8 and brain volumes/icv are presented.† denotes a results that approached significance.
*
denotes a result that was significant at p<.05.
†
denotes a result between p=.05 and p=.10.