Table 4.
Results of unadjusted and adjusted regression analyses of maternal IL-8 and brain volumes in cases and controls: Secondary analyses
| Control Participants (n=8) Unadjusted Models | Control Participants (n=8) Models Adjusted for Maternal Education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value | |
| Ventricular Measures | ||||||||
| sulcal cerebrospinal fluid | 0.008 | -0.012, 0.028 | 0.386 | 0.345 | 0.016 | -0.015, 0.046 | 1.023 | 0.202 |
| Cortical/Limbic Regions | ||||||||
| DLPFC (right) | 0.0002 | -0.0005, 0.0008 | 0.214 | 0.612 | -0.0002 | -0.002, 0.001 | -0.324 | 0.674 |
| DLPFC (left) | -0.0002 | -0.0008, 0.0005 | -0.232 | 0.580 | -0.00007 | -0.002, 0.002 | -0.111 | 0.905 |
| inferior frontal cortex (right) | 0.0003 | -0.0005, 0.001 | 0.361 | 0.379 | 0.0002 | -0.002, 0.002 | 0.221 | 0.806 |
| inferior frontal cortex (left) | 0.0001 | -0.0005, 0.0007 | 0.211 | 0.616 | 0.0003 | -0.001, 0.002 | 0.582 | 0.512 |
| anterior cingulate (right) | 0.0008 | -0.0006, 0.002 | 0.500 | 0.207 | 0.0008 | -0.0003, 0.002 | 0.779 | 0.097† |
| anterior cingulate (left) | -0.002 | -0.004, 0.0009 | -0.527 | 0.180 | -0.001 | -0.007, 0.004 | -0.423 | 0.547 |
| posterior cingulate (right) | 0.0003 | -0.0003, 0.001 | 0.460 | 0.252 | 0.0005 | -0.0001, 0.001 | 0.930 | 0.088† |
| posterior cingulate (left) | -0.0005 | -0.001, 0.0004 | -0.473 | 0.237 | 0.00005 | -0.002, 0.002 | 0.047 | 0.947 |
| Subcortical Regions | ||||||||
| thalamus (right) | 0.0001 | -0.0005, 0.0008 | 0.182 | 0.665 | 0.0006 | -0.0008, 0.002 | 0.855 | 0.279 |
| thalamus (left) | 0.0001 | -0.0004, 0.0006 | 0.219 | 0.602 | 0.0003 | -0.0006, 0.001 | 0.730 | 0.376 |
| White/Gray Matter | ||||||||
| white matter | 0.006 | -0.018, 0.030 | 0.233 | 0.578 | -0.012 | -0.042, 0.017 | -0.625 | 0.265 |
| cortical gray matter | -0.017 | -0.041, 0.006 | -0.594 | 0.120 | -0.002 | -0.046, 0.042 | -0.077 | 0.901 |
| subcortical gray matter | 0.0002 | -0.001, 0.001 | 0.163 | 0.700 | 0.0002 | -0.002, 0.003 | 0.187 | 0.842 |
| Schizophrenia Cases (n=17) Unadjusted Models | Schizophrenia Cases (n=17) Models Adjusted for Maternal Education | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain Region | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value | Parameter Estimate | 95% CI | β | p-value |
| Ventricular Measures | ||||||||
| sulcal cerebrospinal fluid | 0.0004 | -0.006, 0.007 | 0.039 | 0.882 | 0.0006 | -0.005, 0.007 | 0.056 | 0.825 |
| Cortical/Limbic Regions | ||||||||
| DLPFC (right) | -0.000004 | -0.0004, 0.0004 | -0.006 | 0.983 | -0.00002 | -0.0004, 0.0003 | -0.025 | 0.919 |
| DLPFC (left) | 0.000004 | -0.0004, 0.0004 | 0.005 | 0.985 | -0.00001 | -0.0004, 0.0004 | -0.015 | 0.952 |
| inferior frontal cortex (right) | 0.0000004 | -0.0003, 0.0003 | 0.001 | 0.998 | -0.00001 | -0.0003, 0.0003 | -0.014 | 0.956 |
| inferior frontal cortex (left) | -0.00001 | -0.0003, 0.0003 | -0.026 | 0.922 | -0.00002 | -0.0003, 0.0002 | -0.043 | 0.866 |
| anterior cingulate (right) | -0.0002 | -0.0006, 0.00008 | -0.381 | 0.131 | -0.0002 | -0.0006, 0.00007 | -0.392 | 0.123 |
| anterior cingulate (left) | -0.0001 | -0.0006, 0.0004 | -0.148 | 0.571 | -0.0001 | -0.0007, 0.0004 | -0.157 | 0.556 |
| posterior cingulate (right) | -0.0002 | -0.0003, -0.00002 | -0.537 | 0.026* | -0.0002 | -0.0003, -0.00002 | -0.543 | 0.029* |
| posterior cingulate (left) | -0.0001 | -0.0003, 0.0001 | -0.271 | 0.292 | -0.0001 | -0.0003, 0.0001 | -0.285 | 0.266 |
| Subcortical Regions | ||||||||
| thalamus (right) | 0.00001 | -0.0001, 0.0001 | 0.048 | 0.854 | 0.00001 | -0.0001, 0.0001 | 0.035 | 0.892 |
| thalamus (left) | 0.00005 | -0.00008, 0.0002 | 0.193 | 0.459 | 0.00005 | -0.00009, 0.0002 | 0.189 | 0.482 |
| White/Gray Matter | ||||||||
| white matter | -0.0005 | -0.006, 0.005 | -0.049 | 0.853 | -0.0004 | -0.006, 0.005 | -0.046 | 0.866 |
| cortical gray matter | -0.002 | -0.008, 0.005 | -0.138 | 0.598 | -0.002 | -0.007, 0.004 | -0.161 | 0.491 |
| subcortical gray matter | -0.00005 | -0.0003, 0.0002 | -0.090 | 0.732 | -0.00004 | -0.0003, 0.0003 | -0.082 | 0.759 |
Table 4 includes the results from the secondary multiple regression analyses with and without controlling for maternal education at birth. Unstandardized parameter estimates, 95% confidence intervals of the unstandardized estimates, standardized parameter estimates (β), and p-values for regression analyses of the relationship between the log of IL-8 and brain volumes/icv are presented.† denotes a results that approached significance.
*
denotes a result that was significant at p<.05.
†
denotes a result between p=.05 and p=.10.