A scheme of synaptic vesicle is presented
Left panel: The fixed negative charges of an ion exchange matrix (heavily tinted circles marked by “−“) are compensated by an equal number of cationic secretory products of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Release by ion exchange consists on replacing an existing cation (acetylcholine, medium tinted circles) by a new cation (slightly tinted circles). The movement of all ions through the matrix is determined by its ion exchange properties.
Right panel: The opening of a fusion pore triggers ion exchange
The flow of counter-ions through the TRPM7 channel, located on the vesicle membrane, and through the fusion pore, replaces the positive charged acetylcholine that can exit from the vesicle.
The figure was modified from (Rahamimoff & Fernandez, 1997)