Figure 2.

THP1 cells were treated with 100ng/ml of LPS for 3 hours. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and blocked in 5% Bovine Serum Albumin/PBS (BSA) for 1 hour. The slides were incubated with mouse anti-human SMAD4 antibody and FITC-conjugated anti-mouse Ig and DAPI. Cells were examined under the Zeiss LSM510 inverted confocal microscope (magnification 400x). Representative nuclear staining by DAPI (left column), SMAD4 immunostaining (cytoplasmic in control cells and nuclear in LPS stimulated cells, middle column) and a combined image (right column) show the nuclear translocation of SMAD4 after LPS stimulation.