Table 2.

Mean (± SD) immunological parameters determined in GCF samples from the two clinical groups

	Health (n = 25)	GAP (n = 31)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
GM-CSF (pg/ml)**	2.2 ± 1.2	4.4 ± 2.6
IL-2 (pg/ml)	0.7 ± 1.2	1.8 ± 2.6
IFN-γ (pg/ml)	0.6 ± 1.2	0.7 ± 1.2
IL-10 (pg/ml)	23.7 ± 19.9	19.9 ± 13.3
IL-13 (pg/ml)	1.7 ± 2.1	12.0 ± 23.1
IL-6 (pg/ml)	1.9 ± 3.9	2.9 ± 5.1
IL-1β (pg/ml)***	7.0 ± 3.9	20.9 ± 11.0
TNF-α (pg/ml)	1.9 ± 1.4	2.0 ± 1.9
Total cytokines**	39.7 ± 24.6	64.5 ± 34.5
IL-1/IL-10***	0.5 ± 0.4	2.5 ± 2.3
GM-CSF (%)	7.0 ± 3.2	7.5 ± 4.0
IL-2 (%)	1.9 ± 2.8	3.0 ± 4.0
IFN-γ (%)	1.4 ± 1.7	1.0 ± 1.2
IL-10 (%)***	56.6 ± 12.1	34.6 ± 17.2
IL-13 (%)	3.8 ± 2.7	9.1 ± 13.5
IL-6 (%)	4.4 ± 2.9	4.9 ± 6.9
IL-1β (%)***	18.9 ± 8.4	36.3 ± 17.8
TNF-α (%)*	5.9 ± 2.6	3.6 ± 2.3

^***p<0.001;

^**p<0.01;

^*p<0.05 using Mann-Whitney and adjusted for multiple comparisons