Table 1.
Baseline patient demographics and cephalometric characteristics
| Caucasian (n = 74) | Chinese (n = 76) | Mean difference | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 48.5 ± 11.0 | 49.5 ± 11.0 | - | NS | |||
| Gender (% male) | 79.7 | 82.9 | - | NS | |||
| Neck circumference (cm) | 40.9 ± 3.4 | 40.1 ± 3.5 | 0.7 ± 0.6 | NS | |||
| Weight (kg) | 92.9 ± 17.0 | 80.1 ± 16.4 | 12.8 ± 2.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Height (m) | 1.74 ± 0.08 | 1.64 ± 0.08 | 0.10 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.8 ± 5.7 | 29.7 ± 5.2 | 1.0 ± 0.9 | NS | |||
| AHI (events/hour) | 25.2 ± 16.3 | 35.3 ± 26.1 | −10.1 ± 3.6 | 0.005 | |||
| MinSaO2(%) | 85.3 ± 6.2 | 75.5 ± 14.7 | 9.7 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cephalometric bony dimensions (mm) | |||||||
| SN* | 77.5 ± 6.7 | 63.6 ± 3.3 | 13.9 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | |||
| LAFH | 75.1 ± 8.8 | 70.8 ± 5.5 | 4.3 ± 1.2 | 0.001 | |||
| AFH | 131.7 ± 12.3 | 122.3 ± 7.1 | 9.4 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | |||
| PFH | 87.3 ± 9.9 | 84.3 ± 6.5 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | NS | |||
| Go-Me* | 77.9 ± 9.4 | 65.4 ± 4.2 | 12.4 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | |||
| ANS-PNS* | 58.8 ± 4.3 | 50.7 ± 3.7 | 8.2 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Co-A* | 96.2 ± 8.0 | 82.7 ± 4.7 | 13.4 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | |||
| Overbite† | 2.6 ± 3.6 | 0.9 ± 2.8 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.002 | |||
| Overjet | 4.2 ± 2.4 | 3.9 ± 2.4 | 0.3 ± 0.4 | NS | |||
| MP-H | 22.4 ± 6.7 | 19.0 ± 6.0 | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 0.001 | |||
| Cephalometric soft tissue dimensions (mm) | |||||||
| RPAS | 10.6 ± 4.0 | 8.8 ± 2.6 | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 0.002 | |||
| PAS† | 10.8 ± 4.5 | 8.2 ± 3.6 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| PNS-P* | 40.0 ± 4.3 | 33.8 ± 4.8 | 6.2 ± 0.7 | < 0.001 | |||
| Mx Soft palate* | 11.4 ± 1.8 | 9.6 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 | |||
| Tongue length* | 89.4 ± 7.6 | 67.3 ± 11.2 | 22.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | |||
| Tongue height* | 40.0 ± 5.0 | 31.3 ± 4.3 | 8.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Cephalometric angular measurements (°) | |||||||
| BaSN | 126.7 ± 5.9 | 128.2 ± 6.1 | −1.5 ± 1.0 | NS | |||
| SNA | 82.3 ± 3.3 | 84.5 ± 4.6 | −2.2 ± 0.7 | 0.001 | |||
| SNB | 79.3 ± 3.6 | 79.5 ± 4.5 | −0.2 ± 0.7 | NS | |||
| ANB | 3.0 ± 3.3 | 5.1 ± 3.2 | −2.1 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 | |||
| Y-Axis | 67.1 ± 4.6 | 71.6 ± 4.8 | −4.4 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | |||
| Gonial angle | 126.5 ± 6.0 | 120.6 ± 8.2 | 5.9 ± 1.2 | 0.002 | |||
| CVT-SN | 108.7 ± 7.8 | 111.6 ± 8.7 | −3.0 ± 1.3 | NS | |||
| SN-PP | 8.3 ± 3.8 | 10.2 ± 4.6 | −1.9 ± 0.7 | NS | |||
| SN-OP | 14.5 ± 9.5 | 18.3 ± 10.9 | −3.8 ± 1.7 | NS | |||
| SN-MP | 30.8 ± 7.0 | 30.6 ± 7.5 | 0.1 ± 1.2 | NS | |||
| PP-MP | 25.1 ± 6.7 | 24.0 ± 6.6 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | NS | |||
See Figure 1 for definitions of measurements. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Mean difference values are presented as mean ± SE.
BMI, Body mass index; AHI, apnea-hypopnea index; MinSaO2, minimum oxygen saturation; NS, non-significant. Measurements remained significantly shorter
*
(P < 0.001,
†
P < 0.01) in Chinese patients after the correction of per meter of body height.