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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2010 May 28;59(3):269–279. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-695X.2010.00704.x

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Schematic demonstrating the evolution of S. pneumoniae strains in situ during a naturally-occurring chronic polyclonal pediatric nasopharyngeal infection associated with multiple bouts of otitis media. Identical strains were isolated at visits 1 and 10, and at visits 12 and 13. The 1/10 isolates appear to be the ancestral strain which evolved to the visit 6 strain through the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of three regions (NG’s) donated from the visit 4 strain. The visit 6 strain, in turn, evolved into the visit 12/13 strain by the HGT of five more NG’s from the visit 4 strain, as well as and an additional NG from an unrecovered strain.