Table 1.

Baseline analyses of factors associated with MMT use among HIV-positive IDU (n = 353)

Characteristic	Yes n (%)(n = 199)	No n (%)(n = 154)	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Age
> median (40.8 years)	105 (53.0)	65 (42.2)	1.55 (1.01–2.36)	0.044
< median (40.8 years)	93 (47.0)	89 (57.8)
Gender
female	83 (41.7)	55 (35.7)	1.29 (0.83–1.99)	0.252
male	116 (58.3)	99 (64.3)
Aboriginal ancestry
yes	69 (34.7)	62 (40.3)	0.79 (0.51–1.22)	0.281
no	130 (65.3)	92 (59.7)
DTES residence
yes	138 (69.3)	113 (73.4)	0.82 (0.51–1.31)	0.408
no	61 (30.7)	41 (26.6)
Homelessness
yes	27 (13.6)	54 (35.1)	0.29 (0.17–0.49)	< 0.001
no	172 (86.4)	100 (64.9)
Frequent heroin injection*
yes	28 (14.1)	76 (49.4)	0.17 (0.10–0.28)	< 0.001
no	171 (85.9)	78 (50.6)
Frequent cocaine injection*
yes	20 (10.1)	23 (14.9)	0.64 (0.34–1.21)	0.164
no	179 (89.9)	131 (85.1)
Frequent methamphetamine use*
yes	4 (2.00)	8 (5.20)	0.37 (0.11–1.27)	0.102
no	195 (98.0)	146 (94.8)
Frequent crack use*
yes	90 (45.2)	81 (52.6)	0.74 (0.49–1.13)	0.169
no	109 (54.8)	73 (47.4)
Public injection*
yes	65 (32.7)	86 (55.8)	0.38 (0.25–0.59)	< 0.001
no	134 (67.3)	68 (44.2)
Syringe borrowing*
yes	12 (6.00)	24 (15.6)	0.35 (0.17–0.72)	0.003
no	187 (94.0)	130 (84.4)
Syringe lending*
yes	8 (4.00)	8 (5.20)	0.76 (0.28–2.08)	0.599
no	191 (96.0)	146 (94.8)
Sex work involvement*
yes	37 (18.6)	23 (14.9)	1.30 (0.74–2.30)	0.364
no	162 (81.4)	131 (85.1)
Recent incarceration*
yes	38 (19.1)	33 (21.4)	0.87 (0.51–1.46)	0.588
no	161 (80.9)	121 (78.6)
Non-fatal overdose*
yes	13 (6.50)	20 (13.0)	0.47 (0.23–0.97)	0.039
no	186 (93.5)	134 (87.0)
CD4 count*
> 200 copies/μL	53 (26.6)	33 (21.4)	1.33 (0.81–2.19)	0.259
≤ 200 copies/μL	146 (73.4)	121 (78.6)
On ART*
yes	119 (66.1)	47 (35.3)	3.57 (2.23–5.72)	< 0.001
no	61 (33.9)	86 (64.7)

^*Refers to the 6-month period prior to the interview