Figure 2. Respiratory flux rates in visceral (omentum) and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained from obese patients during bariatric surgery (laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass).

A, respiratory rates expressed per milligram of tissue. B, respiratory rates normalized to mtDNA content (left Y-axis) or normalized to number of cells (right Y-axis). Measurements were done in duplicate and by sequential addition of substrates to the respiratory chambers. Baseline: buffer; GM: +glutamate and malate for feeding into complex I (state 2 respiration); GM_D: +ADP (coupled state 3 respiration); GMO_D: +octanoyl carnitine (medium chain fatty acid); GMOS_D+succinate (for dual input of electrons into complex I + II); FCCP: uncoupled respiration. Data are mean ±s.e.m. *Significant difference (P < 0.05) between regions of fat.