Figure 5. Effects of lactate through chelation of extracellular calcium.

A and B, the pH 6.3 gated current was potentiated by 0 mm Ca²⁺ and 1 mm Ca²⁺, and inhibited by 5 mm Ca²⁺ and 10 mm Ca²⁺. C and D, the calcium dose response of the pH6.3-induced currents in the presence or absence of 15 mm lactate shows that the lactate effect is greater at higher calcium concentrations. E, the effect of 15 mm lactate, 15 mm pyruvate, 15 mm formate, 15 mm butyrate, and 15 mm acetate on the pH 6.3-induced current. F, hyperosmolality had no effect on the pH 6.3-induced current amplitude or lactate enhancement (P > 0.05 compared with each basal, n= 3).