Table 3. Estimates of Changes in Log Homicide 1995-2006.
| Foreign Born | Language Diversity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLOBAL | SPATIAL GLOBAL | SPATIAL (MC) LOCAL | GLOBAL | SPATIAL GLOBAL | SPATIAL (MC) LOCAL | |
| Intercept | 1.332 *** (.131) |
1.597 *** (.148) |
1.709 ₤ (1.30,1.97) |
1.641 *** (.151) |
1.955 *** (.172) |
2.022 (1.67,2.24) |
| Socioeconomic Disadvantage 1990 | .641 *** (.071) |
.708 *** (.080) |
.667 ₤₤₤ (.52,.98) |
.556 *** (.072) |
.592 *** (.080) |
.541 ₤₤₤ (.30,.88) |
| Change in Disadvantage 90-00 | .549 *** (.107) |
.499 *** (.108) |
.453 ₤₤₤ (.30,.85) |
.502 *** (.106) |
.448 *** (.107) |
.393₤₤₤ (.25,.78) |
| Residential Stability 1990 | .301 *** (.056) |
.251 *** (.066) |
.275 ₤₤₤ | .279 *** (.055) |
.222 *** (.064) |
.273₤ (.11,.41) |
| Change in Residential Stability 90-00 | .331 *** (.088) |
.227 ** (.086) |
.379 (.18,.53) |
.322 *** (.087) |
.220 ** (.086) |
.376 (.24,.48) |
| Population Density 1990 (a) |
.246 * (.113) |
.114 (.119) |
.130 (.01,.40) |
.240 * (.110) |
.148 (.116) |
.170 (.06,.41) |
| Change in Pop.Density 90-00 (a) |
1.141 *** (.300) |
.984 *** (.292) |
.820 (.37,1.50) |
1.119 *** (.290) |
1.013 *** (.286) |
.630 (.50,1.17) |
| Foreign Born % 1990 | -.003 (.004) |
.000 (.004) |
.001₤ (-.01,.01) |
|||
| Change in Foreign Born % 90-00 | -.004 (.006) |
.000 (.006) |
.001 (-.01,.01) |
|||
| Language Diversity 1990 | -.947 *** (.254) |
-1.049 *** (.319) |
-1.067₤₤₤ (-1.72,-.33) |
|||
| Change in Language Diversity 90-00 | -1.502 *** (.436) |
-1.467 ** (.472) |
||||
| Log Homicide 95-99 | -.711 *** (.035) |
-.810 *** (.035) |
-.791 (-.87,-.75) |
-.733 *** (.034) |
-.823 *** (.035) |
-.808 (-.87,-.77) |
| Spatial Dependence (Lambda) |
.366 *** (.043) |
.352 *** (.044) |
||||
| R-Square | .357 | .415 | .468 | .371 | .424 | .469 |
| Akaike Info Criterion | 2775 | 2723 | 2710 | 2756 | 2708 | 2699 |
| Local Sample Size | n/a | n/a | 331 | n/a | n/a | 358 |
Notes: For Global and Spatial Global models coefficients are shown and standard errors are included in parantheses. * p<.05; ** p<.01; *** p<.001. For the Spatial Local models median local coefficients are shown and interquartile interval of local coefficients is indicated in parantheses. Monte Carlo (MC) tests of local spatial variability: ₤ p<.05; ₤₤ p<.01; ₤₤₤ p<.001. These tests indicate the extent to which the variation in coefficients across space is significantly different from a random distribution. (a) Coefficients and SE multiplied by 10,000.