FIGURE 5.

Evolutionary analysis of β-catenin proteins. A, identity and similarity comparisons of β-catenins from different species with human β-catenin. B, alignments of the subdomains of β-catenins from human (Hs) and other species. Dm, D. melanogaster; Hm, H. magnipapillata; Sm, S. mansoni; Smed, S. mediterranea; Dj, D. japonica. The alignment with full-length β-catenin proteins is shown in supplemental Fig. 1. C, phylogenetic analysis of β-catenin and plakoglobin homologs from 17 species. Confidence values are shown at the main nodes. Black bars and schematic diagrams indicate different types of β-catenin homologs. Mm, M. musculus; Xl, X. laevis; Dr, D. rerio; Xt, X. tropicalis; Nv, N. vitripennis; Ph, P. hawaiensis; Ac, A. californica; Cl, C. lacteus; Pd, P. dumerilii; Cv, C. variopedatus; Dd, D. discoideum.