Resveratrol selectively remodels soluble prefibrillar Aβ oligomers. Aβ conformers (25 μm) were assembled for 0–6 days without agitation (A–E) and incubated with resveratrol (Res., 20 μm), vanillin (Van, 20 μm) or the vehicle (1% DMSO) for 4 h (C–E). A, dot blot analysis of Aβ conformers probed with the conformation-specific antibodies A11 (specific for soluble oligomers) and OC (specific for fibrillar conformers) as well the 6E10 antibody (specific for the N terminus of Aβ). B, circular dichroism spectra of Aβ conformers relative to Aβ amyloid fibrils. C, image of SDS-PAGE gel after silver-staining. D, AFM images of Aβ conformers before and after incubation with resveratrol. The scale bar is 1 μm. E, cell toxicity analysis of Aβ conformers (2.5 μm Aβ, 0.8:1 resveratrol:Aβ molar ratio, n = 3). BSA, bovine serum albumin; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide.