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TGF-beta in renal tissues and its induction in vitro by TNF-alpha. (a) Gene expressions of TGF-beta, CTGF, and PAI-1 in MC/MF (white bar) and HC/LF (black bar).*P < .05, **P < .01. (b) Effects of TNF-alpha on TGF-beta mRNA expressions in vitro in cultured rat proximal tubular cells (IRPTC). *P < .05, **P < .01.
