Table 1.
Factors associated with seeking injection assistance* among IDUs in Tijuana, Mexico
Baseline Characteristics | Sought Injection Assistance* N=260 |
Did Not Seek Injection Assistance* N=796 |
Univariate Odds Ratio |
95% Confidence Interval |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
Median (IQR) and mean (SD) age (per year) |
35 (30-42) 36.6 (8.9) |
37 (31-42) 37.3 (8.2) |
0.99 | 0.97-1.01 |
Female ** | 62 (24%) | 96 (12%) | 2.28 | 1.60-3.26 |
Median (IQR) years of education completed |
7 (6-9) | 8 (6-9) | 0.99 | 0.95-1.03 |
Hispanic/Latino * | 252 (97%) | 788 (99%) | 0.27 | 0.09-0.82 |
Speaks some English | 118 (45%) | 392 (49%) | 0.86 | 0.65-1.13 |
Average monthly income ≥3000 pesos | 172 (68%) | 540 (69%) | 0.94 | 0.69-1.27 |
Married/common-law | 83 (32%) | 247 (31%) | 1.04 | 0.77-1.41 |
Social Influence | ||||
Sex partner is an IDU a b ** | 12 (6%) | 13 (2%) | 3.22 | 1.44-7.18 |
Median (IQR) IDUs in social network (per 10 people) ** |
9 (4.8-20) | 7 (4-12) | 1.01 | 1.00-1.01 |
High perceived risk of HIV infection compared to others |
109 (43%) | 352 (45%) | 0.94 | 0.71-1.25 |
Median (IQR) HIV positive people known personally ** |
1 (0-3) | 0 (0-2) | 1.02 | 0.99-1.04 |
Individual Behaviors | ||||
Median (IQR) injection duration (per year) | 14 (8-21) | 15 (9-22) | 0.99 | 0.98-1.01 |
Injects black-tar heroin (vs. powder) | 252 (98.8%) | 780 (99.7%) | 0.22 | 0.04-1.30 |
Receptive syringe sharing a ** | 182 (70%) | 439 (55%) | 1.90 | 1.41-2.56 |
Distributive syringe sharing a ** | 194 (75%) | 454 (57%) | 2.21 | 1.62-3.03 |
Shared injection paraphernalia half the time or more a |
22 (9%) | 68 (9%) | 0.99 | 0.60-1.64 |
Used new/sterile needle half the time or more a |
116 (45%) | 355 (45%) | 1.00 | 0.76-1.33 |
Median (IQR) # injections before changing needle a ** |
4 (3-8) | 6 (3-10) | 0.98 | 0.97-1.00 |
Had an abscess a ** | 123 (47%) | 188 (24%) | 2.90 | 2.17-3.89 |
Ever traded sex for money, drugs, goods or shelter ** |
80 (31%) | 161 (20%) | 1.75 | 1.28-2.41 |
Ever tested for HIV | 116 (45%) | 314 (39%) | 1.24 | 0.93-1.64 |
Tested HIV-Positive | 13 (5%) | 34 (4%) | 1.18 | 0.61-2.28 |
Positive for syphilis antibodies | 46 (18%) | 117 (15%) | 1.25 | 0.86-1.82 |
Syphilis titers ≥ 1:8 | 21 (8%) | 58 (7%) | 1.15 | 0.68-1.93 |
Structural/Environmental Factors | ||||
Born in the US vs. Mexico | 9 (4%) | 12 (2%) | 2.35 | 0.98-5.63 |
Born outside of Baja California ** | 196 (75%) | 512 (64%) | 1.70 | 1.24-2.33 |
Median (IQR) and mean (SD) years lived in Tijuana |
15 (6-28) 17.9 (14.5) |
14 (5-30) 18.0 (14.8) |
1.00 | 1.00-1.00 |
Ever traveled to U.S. | 205 (79%) | 616 (77%) | 1.09 | 0.77-1.53 |
Deported from the US | 94 (36%) | 319 (40%) | 0.85 | 0.63-1.13 |
Homeless a | 44 (17%) | 96 (12%) | 1.49 | 1.01-2.20 |
Normally injected drugs outside a | 54 (21%) | 203 (26%) | 0.77 | 0.55-1.08 |
Normally injected drugs at shooting gallery a |
65 (25%) | 173 (22%) | 1.20 | 0.87-1.67 |
Ever arrested for carrying unused needles/syringes c * |
109 (46%) | 252 (37%) | 1.43 | 1.06-1.92 |
Ever arrested for having track marks c * | 168 (70%) | 423 (62%) | 1.42 | 1.03-1.95 |
Ever arrested for carrying drugs c ** | 112 (48%) | 238 (36%) | 1.67 | 1.23-2.25 |
Last 6 months;
among those with a sex partner (N=824);
among those ever arrested (N=917).
P ≤0.10;
P<0.05.