Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and cystatin C concentrations on admission to the ICU, and 30-day outcomes for surviving and dying cohorts with and without both sepsis and AKI
| Dead within 30 d (n = 64) |
Alive at 30 d (n = 380) |
P | Sepsis and AKI (n = 30) |
Not sepsis and not AKI (n = 268) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64 ± 17 | 58 ± 18 | 0.16 | 58 ± 18 | 59 ± 18 | 0.76 |
| Female | 31 (48%) | 141 (37%) | 0.09 | 12 (40%) | 101 (38%) | 0.81 |
| Baseline pCr, mmol/L | 0.08 (0.06-0.10) |
0.08 (0.06-0.09) |
0.13 | 0.07 (0.06-0.09) |
0.08 (0.06-0.09) |
0.32 |
| Total APACHE II score | 22 ± 6.9 | 17 ± 5.9 | <0.0001 | 18.5 ± 7.1 | 17.1 ± 6.3 | 0.25 |
| Heart Rate APACHE IIa <70 or >109 beats/minute |
54 (84%) | 272 (72%) | 0.32 | 24 (80%) | 196 (73%) | 0.42 |
| Respiratory rate APACHE IIa <12 or >24 breaths/minute |
23 (36%) | 184 (48%) | 0.06 | 16 (53%) | 124 (46%) | 0.46 |
| WBC APACHE IIa <3,000 or >14,900/mm3 |
32 (50%) | 177 (47%) | 0.61 | 16 (53%) | 109 (41%) | 0.18 |
| Rectal temperature APACHE IIa <36.0°C or >38.4°C |
38 (59%) | 219 (58%) | 0.80 | 12 (40%) | 166 (62%) | 0.032 |
| Arterial pH Apache IIa <7.33 or >7.49 |
52 (81%) | 254 (67%) | 0.02 | 22 (73%) | 173 (65%) | 0.34 |
| Hypotension before the ICU | 32 (50%) | 178 (47%) | 0.64 | 14 (47%) | 121 (45%) | 0.88 |
| Vasopressor/Catecholamine use | 43 (67%) | 240 (63%) | 0.38 | 22 (73.3) | 175 (65%) | 0.38 |
| Urine output (first 6 hours), mL | 395 (209-785) |
560 (331-910) |
0.01 | 382 (229-546) |
626 (358-1,020) |
0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilationb | 59 (92%) | 335 (88%) | 0.35 | 22 (73%) | 240 (90%) | 0.006 |
| Length of mechanical ventilation,b days | 3.5 ± 2.3 | 2.8 ± 2.5 | 0.06 | 3.6 ± 3.0 | 2.6 ± 2.3 | 0.019 |
| uCysC, mg/L | 0.32 (0.08-2.21) |
0.08 (0.04-0.68) |
0.0004 | 5.48 (0.85-13.05) |
0.06 (0.02-0.15) |
<0.0001 |
| uCr, mmol/L | 6.10 (2.55-9.57) |
5.3 (2.43-9.947) |
0.94 | 8.85 (5.30-13.13) |
4.05 (1.90-7.80) |
<0.0001 |
| pCr, mmol/L | 0.09 (0.07-0.13) |
0.09 (0.07-0.12) |
0.64 | 0.15 (0.10-0.18) |
0.08 (0.07-0.10) |
<0.0001 |
| pCysC, mg/L | 1.0 (0.76-1.44) |
0.83 (0.65-1.18) |
0.01 | 1.32 (0.93-1.90) |
0.74 (0.61-1.00) |
<0.0001 |
| Length of ICU stay, hours | 100 (54-162) |
70 (42-183) |
0.37 | 112 (58-334) |
62 (10-144) |
0.004 |
| Dead within 30 days | 64 (100%) | 0 | 4 (13%) | 32 (12%) | 0.83 | |
| AKI | 24 (38%) | 101(27%) | 0.07 | 30 (100%) | 0 | |
| Sepsis | 12 (19%) | 69 (18%) | 0.9 | 30 (100%) | 0 |
All data are on admission to the intensive care unit, with the exception of Baseline pCr, the timing of which is described in the text. Presented for categoric variables are number, n (%) and for continuous variables normally distributed, mean ± SD and not normally distributed, median (interquartile range). AKI, acute kidney injury on admission to intensive care; uCysC, urinary cystatin C; uCr, urinary creatinine; pCysC, plasma cystatin C; pCr, plasma creatinine; WBC, white blood cell.
aAPACHE II are the numbers (n) and percentage of patients with non-normal (non-zero) scores for each of the APACHE II subcategories listed.
bWithin 7 days of entry to ICU.