Table 2.
Autonomic function in patients with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases
| Parameter | Studies & patients (N) | Baseline patients vs. controls | Stress reactivity within patients | Stress reactivity patients vs. controls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate | [29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference [29,36,37,41] | RA: | Increase [29,36,37,41] | RA: | No difference [36,37,41] |
| [41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | Altered (↓) [29] | ||||||
| [36,37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | SLE: | No difference [31,45] | SLE: | Increase [45] | SLE: | No difference [31] (cogn.) [45] | |
| [31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC | Not reported [31] | Altered (↓) (cold) [31] | |||||
| [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC | Arthr: | Altered (↑) [32] | Arthr: | Increase [32] | Arthr: | No difference [32] | |
| [32] 19Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP | |||||||
| Blood pressure (diastolic/systolic) | [29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference [29,36,41] | RA: | Increase [29,36,41] | RA: | No difference [36,41] |
| [41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | Altered (↓) [29]/(↑) [41] | ||||||
| [36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | SLE: | No difference [31,45] | SLE: | Increase [45] | SLE: | No difference [31,33,45] | |
| [31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC | Not reported [33] | Not reported [31,33] | |||||
| [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC | |||||||
| [33] 51 SLE vs. 30 HC | |||||||
| Mean arterial pressure (MAP) | [37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | No difference | RA: | Increase | RA: | No difference |
| Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) | [37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | No difference | RA: | Increase severe subgroup | RA: | Altered (↑) severe subgroup |
| Plasma volume (PV) | [36] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | No difference | RA: | Decrease | RA: | No difference |
| Cardiac output (CO) | [37] 21 RA vs. 10 OA | RA: | No difference | RA: | No response | RA: | No difference |
| Pre-ejection period (PEP) | [41] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference | RA: | Decrease | RA: | No difference |
| Plasma catecholamines (nor)epinephrine | [42] 18 RA vs. 14 HC | RA: | No difference [40,42] * | RA: | Increase [40] | RA: | No difference [40,42] |
| [40] 9 RA, 7 SLE vs. 15 HC | No response [42] | ||||||
| [44] 14 SLE vs. 14 HC, 10 HC | SLE: | No difference [40,45] | SLE: | Increase [40,44,45] | SLE: | No difference [40,45,44] * | |
| [31] 23 SLE vs. 23 HC | Altered (↓) [31] | ||||||
| [45] 15 SLE vs. 15 HC | Not reported [44] | ||||||
| [46] 15 JIA vs. 14 HC | JIA: | No difference (NE) [46] | JIA: | Increase (NE)[46] | JIA: | No difference [46] | |
| Altered (↑) (EPI) [46] | No response (EPI)[46] | ||||||
| Skin conductance (SC) | [29] 21 RA vs. 20 HC | RA: | No difference [29] | RA: | Increase [29] | RA: | Altered (↓) [29] |
| [32] 19 Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP | Arthr: | No difference [32] | Arthr: | Increase [32] | Arthr: | Altered (↑) [32] | |
| Pupillary constriction | [32] 19 Arthr vs. 38 HC, 17 MFP | Arthr: | Altered (↓) | Arthr: | Not reported | Arthr: | Altered (↓) |
* Findings assumed after inspection of descriptive data.
↑ = altered response pattern is more pronounced compared to a control group; ↓ = altered response pattern is diminished compared to a control group; RA = rheumatoid arthritis, SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus, JIA = juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Arthr = heterogeneous group of arthritis patients, HC = healthy controls, OA = osteoarthritis, MFP = patients with myofascial pain,.., NE = norepinephrine, EPI = epinephrine.