Table 2.

Associations between hip JSN and serum leptin or IL-6 levels

	Univariable		Multivariablea		Multivariableb
	β (CI)	P	β (CI)	P	β (CI)	P
Leptin (grade per μg/L)
superior JSN
Male	0.063 (-0.005 to 0.131)	0.070	0.060 (-0.012 to 0.132)	0.100	0.056 (-0.019 to 0.132)	0.145
Female	0.046 (0.021 to 0.071)	<0.001	0.043 (0.004 to 0.083)	0.030	0.038 (-0.001 to 0.078)	0.057
Both sexes	0.047 (0.026 to 0.069)	<0.001	0.046 (0.006 to 0.086)	0.024	0.041 (0.000 to 0.082)	0.051
Axial JSN
Male	0.051 (-0.024 to 0.126)	0.182	0.081 (0.007 to 0.154)	0.031	0.077 (-0.002 to 0.155)	0.055
Female	0.041 (0.016 to 0.066)	0.002	0.066 (0.017 to 0.115)	0.008	0.060 (0.011 to 0.109)	0.017
Both sexes	0.052 (0.029 to 0.074)	<0.001	0.068 (0.022 to 0.115)	0.004	0.063 (0.014 to 0.112)	0.012
IL-6 (grade per pg/ml)
Superior JSN
Male	-0.055 (-0.260 to 0.151)	0.603	-0.066 (-0.268 to 0.136)	0.524	-0.062 (-0.270 to 0.146)	0.556
Female	0.257 (0.115 to 0.400)	<0.001	0.241 (0.087 to 0.394)	0.002	0.202 (0.044 to 0.360)	0.012
Both sexes	0.124 (-0.020 to 0.267)	0.092	0.101 (-0.042 to 0.243)	0.166	0.079 (-0.070 to 0.228)	0.297
Axial JSN
Male	-0.136 (-0.420 to 0.148)	0.349	-0.138 (-0.409 to 0.134)	0.321	-0.166 (-0.418 to 0.086)	0.197
Female	0.212 (0.085 to 0.338)	0.001	0.239 (0.101 to 0.377)	0.001	0.199 (0.057 to 0.341)	0.006
Both sexes	0.103 (-0.025 to 0.230)	0.116	0.112 (-0.010 to 0.233)	0.071	0.073 (-0.056 to 0.201)	0.267

^aAdjusted for age, sex if both sexes, BMI, ever smoked, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, and asthma. ^bFurther adjusted for leptin if IL-6, or IL-6 if leptin. Dependent variable, JSN grade (0-2) in superior or axial compartment. Independent variable, serum level of leptin (μg/L) or IL-6 (pg/ml). IL-6, interleukin-6; CI, confidence interval; JSN, joint-space narrowing; BMI, body mass index.