Table 2.

Antiepileptic Drugs Approved for the Treatment of Seizures in the U.S.

Primary Generalized Tonic–Clonic Seizures	Partial Seizures*	Absence Seizures	Atypical Absence Myoclonic, and Atonic Seizures
First-line agents
Valproic acid Lamotrigine Topiramate	Carbamazepine Phenytoin Oxcarbazepine Valproic Acid	Valproic acid Ethosuximide	Valproic acid Lamotrigine Topiramate
Alternative agents
Zonisamide† Phenytoin Carbamazepine Oxcarbazepine Phenobarbital Primidone Felbamate	Levetiracetam† Topiramate Tiagabine† Zonisamide† Gabapentin Phenobarbital Primidone Felbamate Eslicarbazepine Vigabatrin Lacosamide Pregabalin Rufinamide	Lamotrigine Clonazepam	Clonazepam Felbamate

^*Includes simple partial, complex partial, and secondarily generalized seizures.

^†As adjunctive therapy.

Modified from Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Longo DL, eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2008;2498–2512.⁵