Fig. 2.

Pretreatment of TrHBMECs with ES936 inhibited TNFα-stimulated E-selectin mRNA expression. TrHBMECs were treated with ES936 (100 nM) for 2 h and stimulated with TNFα (10 ng/ml) for an additional 2 h. E-selectin mRNA was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR and normalized to β-2-macroglobulin internal control. DMSO was used as vehicle control for ES936 treatment. The percentage of decrease of E-selectin mRNA in TrHBMECs after ES936 and TNFα treatment, normalized to an endogenous β-2-macroglobulin reference and relative to DMSO and TNFα treatment, is given by 2^−ΔΔΔCT. Results are expressed as the mean ± S.D. of three independent experiments. n = 3; *, p < 0.05.