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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Metabolism. 2010 Mar 29;60(1):134–144. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2010.02.013

Table 1.

Genes regulated oppositely by NA and insulin.

Function Correlation with p-FOXO1/p-Akt
Negative Positive
Glucose metabolism PDK4 (SM and heart)
GLUT2 (liver)
glucose 6-phosphatase (liver)
Fat Metabolism cytosolic thioesterase 1 (fat)
arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (SM)		 fatty acid synthase (fat)
DAG O-acyltransferase (fat)
 HMG-CoA reductase (liver)
steroid 5 alpha reductase 1 (liver)
Mitochondrial Metabolism mitochondria Pi transporter (liver)
glutamate OAA transaminase (liver)
glutaminase 2 (liver)		 mitochondria Pi transporter (SM)
ATP citrate lyase (liver)
cytochrome p450 (liver)
Cell signaling IGF binding protein 1 (liver & fat)
CBP/p300 transactivator 2 (SM)
CRE modulator (liver)
G0/G1 switch gene 2 (heart)		 Thyroid hormone resp. protein (liver)
PP1, regular subunit 3B (liver)
PP1, regular subunit 3C (SM)

Abbreviations: PDK4, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4; SM, skeletal muscle; GLUT2, glucose transporter 2; DAG, diacylglycerol; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; OAA, oxaloacetate; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; PP1, protein phosphatase 1; CRE, cAMP responsive element.