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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Q. 2010;91(3):593–612. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00709.x

TABLE 1.

Difference-in-Difference Estimates of Election Outcomes on State Suicide Rates

Independent Variables Males 20–60 Females 20–60
Unemployment rate 0.009 c 0.031 a
(0.005) (0.006)
Presidential election year (ρ1) 0.032 0.046 c
(0.023) (0.027)
State supported losing candidate (ρ2) −0.029 −0.016
(0.031) (0.037)
Interaction (ρ3) −0.113 a −0.136 a
(0.042) (0.051)
Observations 612 612
R2 0.049 0.083
a

denotes significant at 1 percent level;

b

denotes significant at 5 percent level;

c

denotes significant at 10 percent level.

Note: The interaction term between the presidential election year and the election outcome is the difference-in-difference estimator of the effect of losing the election on suicide rates. Presidential elections in 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004. Observations are weighted by state population.