Table 2.
Association of Lp(a) with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in the Women’s Health Study According to Fasting Status
| Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 | P for Trend | PInteraction for fasting status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Range, mg/dL | ||||||||
| Fasting | N=19,292 | <3.9 | 3.9–8.2 | 8.3–16.5 | 16.6–46.6 | >46.6 | ||
| Nonfasting | N=6,100 | <3.9 | 3.9–8.5 | 8.6–16.9 | 17.0–43.3 | >43.3 | ||
| All | N=26,746 | <3.9 | 3.9–8.4 | 8.5–16.6 | 16.7–45.3 | >45.3 | ||
| Incidence rate (95% CI) per 1000 p-y | ||||||||
| Fasting | 6.02 (5.39–6.72) | 4.88 (4.30–5.53) | 4.55 (3.98–5.20) | 5.36 (4.73–6.08) | 4.75 (4.16–5.43) | 0.008 | ||
| Nonfasting | 5.69 (4.67–6.94) | 4.59 (3.65–5.77) | 4.57 (3.58–5.84) | 3.74 (2.86–4.90) | 3.24 (2.45–4.27) | 0.01 | ||
| All | 5.97 (5.43–6.55) | 4.87 (4.39–5.42) | 4.50 (4.01–5.06) | 5.03 (4.50–5.61) | 4.43 (3.94–4.97) | <0.001 | ||
| Model 1, HR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Fasting | Ref. | 0.80 (0.68–0.95) | 0.73 (0.61–0.87) | 0.86 (0.72–1.01) | 0.77 (0.65–0.92) | 0.01 | ||
| Nonfasting | Ref. | 0.81 (0.59–1.09) | 0.78 (0.57–1.07) | 0.64 (0.46–0.90) | 0.56 (0.40–0.79) | <0.001 | 0.004 | |
| All | Ref. | 0.81 (0.70–0.94) | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | 0.82 (0.71–0.95) | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | <0.001 | ||
| Model 2, HR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Fasting | Ref. | 0.88 (0.74–1.05) | 0.76 (0.64–0.92) | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | 0.80 (0.66–0.95) | 0.01 | ||
| Nonfasting | Ref. | 0.82 (0.60–1.13) | 0.81 (0.58–1.11) | 0.66 (0.47–0.94) | 0.54 (0.38–0.76) | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| All | Ref. | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.86 (0.74–1.00) | 0.75 (0.65–0.88) | <0.001 | ||
| Model 3, HR (95% CI) | ||||||||
| Fasting | Ref. | 0.86 (0.72–1.02) | 0.78 (0.65–0.94) | 0.87 (0.73–1.04) | 0.84 (0.70–1.01) | 0.09 | ||
| Nonfasting | Ref. | 0.79 (0.58–1.09) | 0.78 (0.57–1.08) | 0.66 (0.46–0.93) | 0.56 (0.40–0.80) | 0.001 | 0.002 | |
| All | Ref. | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.80 (0.68–0.93) | 0.88 (0.76–1.02) | 0.78 (0.67–0.91) | 0.005 | ||
P for trend for event rates obtained from log-rank tests for equality of survivor functions.
P for trend for hazard ratios were obtained from Cox regression models using quintile number as predictor.
P for interaction with fasting status was obtained from likelihood ratio tests for interaction with fasting/nonfasting status and the Lp(a) concentration as a continuous variable, in relation to incident type 2 diabetes.
Model 1: Adjusted for age, race, and randomized treatment assignment.
Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 variables plus smoking status, menopausal status, postmenopausal hormone use, family history of diabetes, blood pressure, body mass index, and HbA1c.
Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 variables plus hsCRP, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides.