Table 2.

Characteristics of study participants by dietary clusters

	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	Pa
Age (years, mean ± SE)	52.5 ± 0.05	49.1 ± 0.05	48.1 ± 0.17	<0.001
Education (%)				<0.001
None	13.6	2.9	2.1
Elementary school	12.8	5.2	4.1
Up to high school	63.6	73.1	76.5
College	9.9	18.8	17.4
Income level (%)
<10 000	18.5	11.0	13.9	<0.001
10 000–19 999	40.9	34.4	33.2
20 000–29 999	26.4	31.7	31.4
>30 000	14.2	22.9	21.4
Occupation (%)
Professional	15.0	26.4	23.6	<0.001
Clerical	11.8	14.5	15.1
Manual	21.9	24.1	26.8
Housewife/retired	51.2	35.0	35.0
Smoking (%)	2.7	1.5	2.2	<0.001
Alcohol consumption (%)	2.1	2.3	4.6	<0.001
Exercise participation (%)	32.9	33.0	32.4	0.84
Obesity (%)b	38.1	25.2	29.7	<0.001
Central obesity (%)c	23.4	14.0	17.2	<0.001
Hypertension (%)	22.1	14.56	15.7	<0.001

SE: standard error.

^aP-value was calculated by ANOVA or the Kruskal–Wallis test (for non-normally distributed variables) for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables.

^bBMI > 25 kg/m².

^cWHR ≥ 0.85.