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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 30.
Published in final edited form as: Trop Med Int Health. 2006 Feb;11(2):188–196. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01555.x

Table 1.

Travel on different terrains based on a modification of Naismith–Langmuir rule (Langmuir 1984)

Naismith/Langmuir rule
Flat (Road) 1.2 min per 100 m (5 km/h)
Flat (Off-Road) 2.4 min per 100 m (2.5 km/h)
Ascents +0.1 min per 1 m ascent (+1 hr per 600 m)
Moderate descents (−5°–−12°) −0.03 min per 1 m descent (−10 min per 300 m)
Steep descents (steeper than −12°) +0.03 min per 1 m descent (+10 min per 300 m)