Table 1.
Association between demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and pica behavior at any point in current pregnancy among 2,367 pregnant women in Zanzibar, Tanzania
| Characteristic | Pica status | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No pica n = 1,470 (61.0%) | Earth only n = 38 (1.6%) | Rice only n = 773 (32.7%) | Earth and rice n = 86 (3.6%) | Any pica n = 897 (37.9%) | P* | |
| Urban, % | 27 | 21 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 0.258 |
| Married, % | 98 | 100 | 98 | 98 | 98 | 0.919 |
| Sole wife, % | 71 | 71 | 69 | 71 | 71 | 0.490 |
| Women with any formal education (%) | 56 | 47 | 52 | 58 | 52 | 0.071 |
| Husbands with any formal education, % | 68 | 57 | 64 | 64 | 64 | 0.037 |
| Durable goods score† | 4.4 (12.2) | 3.0 (10.4) | 3.7 (11.3) | 5.7 (13.7) | 3.9 (11.5) | 0.285 |
| Women with a cash-earning job, % | 8 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 0.087 |
| Husband with cash-earning job, % | 64 | 63 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 0.693 |
| Age (years)† | 28.8 (6.8) | 28.6 (7.0) | 27.5 (6.3) | 28.1 (6.2) | 27.6 (6.3) | < 0.001 |
| Gestational age at enrollment, weeks† | 23.6 (4.9) | 26.7 (4.9) | 25.2 (5.2) | 26.4 (5.3) | 25.4 (5.2) | < 0.001 |
| Primiparous, % | 12 | 8 | 11 | 10 | 11 | 0.277 |
| No. of previous pregnancies† | 4.4 (3.1) | 4.3 (2.6) | 4.2 (3.0) | 4.5 (3.1) | 4.2 (3.0) | 0.124 |
| Ever miscarried, % | 25 | 26 | 26 | 24 | 26 | 0.564 |
*
Indicates significance of difference by t-tests between no pica and any pica groups.
†
Values are mean (SD).