Table 1.
Demographic, clinical, and cognitive characteristics of HC participants and individuals with MCI with HEF or LEF
| HC, n = 222 (mean, SD) | MCI HEF, n = 163 (mean, SD) | MCI LEF, n = 195 (mean, SD) | Statistical comparison | |
| Age | 76.54 (5.04) | 75.49 (7.30) | 75.52 (7.35) | F2,577 = 1.73, P = 0.18 |
| Education | 16.04 (2.83) | 16.16 (2.66) | 15.57 (3.03) | F2,577 = 2.19, P = 0.11 |
| Gender (% men) | 52% | 59% | 70%a | χ22, N = 580 = 14.20, P < 0.005 |
| VIQ estimate | 119.88 (8.62) | 118.43 (8.96) | 114.89 (9.42)a | F2,576 = 16.49, P < 0.001 |
| MMSE | 29.12 (0.99)b | 27.35 (1.75) | 26.98 (1.68) | F2,577 = 124.92, P < 0.001 |
| CDR-SB | 0.03 (0.12)b | 1.52 (0.83) | 1.61 (0.91) | F2,577 = 342.19, P < 0.001 |
| % APOE ϵ4 + (+/−) | 26% (57/162)b | 47% (75/84) | 58% (111/79)c | χ22, N = 568 = 45.35, P < 0.001 |
| Digit span backward | 7.28 (2.12)b | 7.69 (1.78) | 5.08 (1.23)c | F2,573 = 97.41, P < 0.001 |
| Trail making A (s) | 36.09 (13.05)b | 41.64 (19.76) | 43.91 (20.10) | F2,573 = 9.42, P < 0.001 |
| Trail making B (s) | 87.37 (41.02)b | 89.00 (37.47) | 150.93 (71.33)c | F2,573 = 86.16, P < 0.001 |
| EF score | 0.33 (0.63)b | 0.52 (0.43) | −0.63 (0.51)c | F2,573 = 218.94, P < 0.001 |
| Animal fluency | 19.97 (5.65)b | 17.02 (4.37) | 15.33 (4.87) | F2,573 = 37.02, P < 0.001 |
| Visuoconstruction (error score) | 0.35 (0.50)b | 0.43 (0.53) | 0.60 (0.59) | F2,573 = 6.43, P < 0.005 |
Note: SD, standard deviation. Statistical comparison refers to the results of overall group comparison, controlling for age, gender, and estimated VIQ.
a
The MCI LEF group was significantly different (P < 0.05) from the HC and the MCI HEF groups.
b
The HC group was significantly different (P < 0.05) from the 2 MCI groups.
c
Significant difference (P < 0.05) between the MCI HEF group versus the LEF group.