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Frequently occurring carbohydrate building blocks in mammalia. For each monosaccharide, the 3D structure, the IUPAC short code, and the symbols used in the Oxford (top) and CFG (bottom) symbolic nomenclature are shown. The acids (last row) are displayed with substituents (O-methyl, sulfate). α-l-IdopA is shown in two conformations (1C4 and 2S0) as they appear in heparin (pdb code 1E0O [53]). The formal charge of the monosaccharide at physiological pH is denoted in parentheses
