A., Human astrocytes were treated with control vehicle (serum-free medium) or IONPs. at 0, 1, 2, and 3 days. No significant toxicity was found with IONP treatment of human astrocytes (P < 0.001). Cell toxicity analysis of human glioblastoma cells (B. U87-MG and C. U87ΔEGFRvIII) after treatment by control vehicle (PBS), IONPs, EGFRvIIIAb, and EGFRvIIIAb-IONPs at 0, 1, and 3 days. A significant decrease in cell survival was found in glioblastoma cells treated by IONPs, EGFRvIIIAb, and EGFRvIIIAb-IONPs at 3 days (P<0.001).