CK2-β influenced Smad-dependent signaling. Cells were transfected with plasmids encoding pSBE, pRLuc, and, where noted, CK2-β, dn CK2 α-subunit, or CK2-α. Cells were stimulated with BMP2. The overexpression of CK2 subunit β and a dn CK2-α significantly increased Smad-dependent signaling compared to BMP2 stimulation alone. CK2-α overexpression showed no change. Error bars depict the SD (p < 0.05).