Table 2.
Earnings distributionsa for respondents with and without serious mental illness in high-income and low- and middle-income countriesb
| High-income countries
|
Low- and middle-income countries
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 23 457) | Male (n = 10 114) | Female (n = 13 343) | Total (n = 21 104) | Male (n = 9040) | Female (n = 12 064) | |
| Any earnings, % (s.e.) | ||||||
| Total sample | 75.0 (0.4) | 82.6 (0.6) | 67.7 (0.6) | 62.8 (0.5) | 72.9 (0.7) | 53.3 (0.6) |
| Serious mental illness | 61.9* (1.6) | 70.6* (2.6) | 56.2* (2.0) | 51.6 (1.9) | 62.9*,† (3.6) | 45.6*,† (2.4) |
| Others
|
75.6* (0.4)
|
83.1* (2.6)
|
68.3* (0.6)
|
63.1 (0.5)
|
73.1*,† (0.7)
|
53.6*,† (0.6)
|
| Low earnings among the employed, % (s.e.) | ||||||
| Total sample | 24.3 (0.5) | 16.8 (0.6) | 33.2 (0.8) | 25.7 (0.6) | 23.0 (0.8) | 29.0 (0.9) |
| Serious mental illness | 40.4* (1.8) | 34.6* (3.0) | 45.2* (2.2) | 23.9 (2.5) | 22.2 (3.9) | 25.1 (3.0) |
| Others
|
23.8* (0.5)
|
16.3* (0.6)
|
32.7* (0.8)
|
25.7 (0.6)
|
23.0 (0.8)
|
29.2 (0.9)
|
| Low-average earnings among the employed, % (s.e.) | ||||||
| Total sample | 20.6 (0.5) | 16.0 (0.6) | 26.0 (0.7) | 33.0 (0.7) | 30.1 (0.8) | 36.8 (1.0) |
| Serious mental illness | 25.1* (1.6) | 21.0* (2.5) | 28.4 (2.1) | 45.6* (3.0) | 39.1*,† (4.1) | 50.4*,† (3.9) |
| Others
|
20.5* (0.5)
|
15.9* (0.6)
|
25.9 (0.7)
|
32.7* (0.7)
|
29.9*,† (0.8)
|
36.3*,† (1.0)
|
| High-average earnings among the employed, % (s.e.) | ||||||
| Total sample | 28.2 (0.5) | 29.2 (0.7) | 27.1 (0.7) | 15.7 (0.5) | 16.2 (0.6) | 15.0 (0.7) |
| Serious mental illness | 21.9* (1.7) | 25.7 (2.8) | 18.8* (1.8) | 11.6* (1.6) | 13.8 (3.1) | 10.0*,† (2.2) |
| Others
|
28.5* (0.5)
|
29.3 (0.7)
|
27.4* (0.7)
|
15.8* (0.5)
|
16.3 (0.7)
|
15.2*,† (0.7)
|
| High earnings among the employed, % (s.e.) | ||||||
| Total sample | 26.8 (0.5) | 37.9 (0.8) | 13.8 (0.5) | 25.6 (0.6) | 30.7 (0.8) | 19.1 (0.7) |
| Serious mental illness | 12.7* (1.2) | 18.8* (2.2) | 7.6* (1.2) | 18.9* (1.7) | 24.9*,† (2.7) | 14.5* (2.2) |
| Others
|
27.3* (0.5)
|
38.5* (0.8)
|
14.1* (0.5)
|
25.8* (0.6)
|
30.8*,† (0.8)
|
19.3* (0.8)
|
| χ2(3) | 141.2† | 76.0† | 47.9† | 28.8† | 6.2 | 16.9† |
a. Low earnings were defined as less than half the within-country median among those with any earnings, low–average earnings as up to the median, high–average earnings as up to twice the median, and high earnings as greater than twice the median.
b. High-income countries: Belgium, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, USA; low- and middle-income countries: Brazil, Bulgaria, Colombia, India, Lebanon, Mexico, Nigeria, People’s Republic of China, South Africa.
*Significant difference between respondents with serious mental illness and other respondents at the 0.05 level, two-sided test.
†Significant difference at the 0.05 level between the earnings distributions of respondents with and without serious mental illness among those with non-zero earnings.