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Quantile–quantile plot from the GWA study. The observed P-values (Y-axis) are plotted against the expected P-values (X-axis) for the various smoking phenotypes: smoking quantity (CPD) (A), smoking initiation (ever vs never smokers) (B), smoking cessation (current vs former smokers) (C), heavy smoking (D), age of smoking initiation (E), heaviness of smoking index (F)
