Table 1.
Characteristics of high-risk offspring with vs. without bipolar disorder
| Non BP | BP | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N=347 | N=41 | p-value | |
| Demographics: | |||
| Age (years) | 11.9 ± 3.7 | 12.8 ± 3.1 | 0.08 |
| Gender (female) | 163 (47.0%) | 25 (61.0%) | 0.09 |
| Race (white) | 284 (81.8%) | 32 (78.0%) | 0.55 |
| Perinatal: | |||
| Weight at birth (lbs) | 7.0 ± 1.4 | 7.0 ± 1.3 | 0.67 |
| Drugs during pregnancy | 29 (8.4%) | 5 (12.2%) | 0.39 |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 106 (30.8%) | 15 (36.6%) | 0.48 |
| Psychotropic medication | 0.61 | ||
| during pregnancy | 34 (10.8%) | 5 (11.8%) | |
| Normal delivery | 229 (66.8%) | 27 (65.9%) | 1.00 |
| Trouble at birth | 41 (12%) | 5 (12.2%) | 1.00 |
| Trouble breathing | 38 (11.3%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0.78 |
| Other troubles | 77 (22.4%) | 9 (22%) | 1.00 |
| Comorbidity: | |||
| Anxiety | 78 (22.5%) | 22 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| ODD/CD | 52 (15.0%) | 22 (53.7%) | <0.001 |
| ADHD | 77 (22.2%) | 17 (41.5%) | 0.01 |
| SUD | 13 (3.7%) | 3 (7.3%) | 0.28 |
|
Physical/Sexual Abuse Medication exposure: |
22 (6.4%) | 8 (19.5%) | 0.01 |
| Stimulants | 30 (8.7%) | 9 (22.7%) | 0.004 |
| Antidepressants | 32 (9.3%) | 10 (25.0%) | 0.02 |
Note: Continuous variables are presented as mean standard deviation while categorical variables are presented as frequency and percentage.
BP = Bipolar disorder; ODD/CD = oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder; ADHD = attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder; SUD = substance use disorder